Marketing Strategy of Perfection Foods Assignment

Promoting Strategy of Perfection Foods - Assignment Example The point of new promoting technique is ensure that the organization is capable arrive at its ideal objectives. During the time spent building up another advertising methodology, the report will concentrate on various ecological, mechanical and showcase examination apparatus. The report will likewise feature foundation of the organization and give a short diagram of the bread kitchen industry. The strategic vision explanation of the organization has been likewise underlined. Presently so as to dissect the various components devices, for example, PESTEL, SWOT, and PORTER’s FIVE Forces have been utilized. At last the report will attempt to set up a promoting blend which will assist the organization with grabbing more piece of the pie and lift the business volume. Foundation Flawlessness Foods Ltd appeared in the year 2000. It was set up by two siblings called Sukhdev Singh Bath and Balwinder Singh Bath. The organization was begun in a 4500 sq. ft. industrial facility, from where the cakes and pastry kitchen items were provided to the close by retail units and region shops. Because of the high caliber of the cakes and pastry shop items, the organization immediately got famous in the business. As the business developed in size, the organization began extension plans. So as to set up itself broadly and universally, the organization began to flexibly its items to the immediate wholesalers, for example, Morrison's, Makro, Bestways, Asda, and so on. They have gotten one of most notable bread shop in UK. It has additionally won a few honors for a portion of its quality contributions in the pastry kitchen item showcase. The organization serves 40 unique sorts of newly prepared handcrafted cakes to the clients of UK. There are two assembling destinations in UK a nd the third industrial facility serves for the fare requests of the organization. The organization has different sides of its business work: assembling and selling cakes in UK and sending out in different pieces of the world. The organization has likewise gotten grant for Best Development of universal market in the year 2010. The organization possesses an incredible dissemination channel. The coordinations group of the organization disseminates the bread kitchen items all over UK in the organization claimed vehicles. These vehicles are outfitted with most recent innovation to keep the food things protected and new (Perfection Foods Limited, 2009). Market Overview Bread and pastry shop items structure a significant piece of the British eating routine. Cakes structure a significant piece of the family snacks. On exceptional events and with evening tea as a rule cake is presented with tea. Aside from this, cake is a fundamental piece of the celebrations, for example, Christmas, Easter , Halloween or birthday events. The value UK bread shop industry is ?3.4 billion and it is the biggest market in the food business of the nation. The complete volume is around 4 billion units. This implies around ?11 million portions and packs are sold in UK consistently. There are three principle areas in the UK heating industry. The huge heating organizations produce 80 percent of the items. The in-store pastry kitchens in the general stores produce around 17 percent of the items and the high road retail shops produce the remainder of the items (The Federation of Bakers, 2012). It was assessed that 5 to 10 percent of the bread shop

How sedentary lifestyle affect identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How stationary way of life influence character - Essay Example At this point, everyone should realize the wellbeing impacts of idleness, nearly as harming to the warm blooded creature body as cigarette smoking and pets are similarly as vulnerable. The earth is certainly getting heavier in light of the fact that heftiness is a pestilence in the created nations. New instances of grown-up beginning Diabetes (otherwise called Type II Diabetes) are developing at a cosmic rate in the West, where 350 million individuals currently have the ailment and in excess of 3,000,000 individuals capitulate yearly. Amazingly enough, more youngsters are getting this adaptation of Diabetes, which at one time was incredibly uncommon in those under eighteen. Also, coronary illness (cardiovascular failures) and hypertension developing into crippling or lethal strokes are increasingly basic in the stationary individual. Numerous works have accused the stationary way of life for the innovation age and the facts confirm that a lot more individuals hold an office-type work in 2012 then the masses did in the 1960’s. Be that as it may, the normal Western grown-up just works forty hours every week, under 25% of the 168-hour week. The other seventy-two hours (in the wake of taking away fifty-six hours for rest) lead to inactive difficulty. The child playing computer games for a considerable length of time, the family viewing the most recent DVD, grown-ups and kids the same stuck to the home PC shopping and making up for lost time with Facebook, Twitter, and so forth are all idleness warnings that character change is famous. . To duplicate the issue, a horde of undesirable food decisions are accessible, potato chips, burritos, treats among others, with more things imagined constantly. Diet and exercise are the two answers for latency. Solid, home-prepared dinners with less eating out, particularly at drive-through joints, can have a huge effect in a person’s weight and wellbeing, and sentiments of personality. Rather than father and child wa tching football all Sunday evening, they could go out in the patio and have a round of catch. The entire family could take an energetic stroll in the recreation center and as opposed to driving around the shopping center attempting to snatch a parking spot close to the passageway, it would be greatly improved to stop in the under locales and stroll to the entryway. Cultivating, housework, strolling the canine (it needs the exercise additionally) and even sex are superb ordinary gadgets in which one would get work out. Is it coming down? The latent individual could have a go at strolling all over the steps a couple of times. New York Times journalist Michael Pollan has composed a few whimsical books regarding the matter of food, most outstandingly The Omnivore's Dilemma: a Natural History of Four Meals. Pollan stresses that he basically concurs with the Government in their evaluation that low quality nourishment and other handled food sources are bad for the human body. He likewise r ecognizes that purported â€Å"organic† food isn't that any longer, what began as a smart thought immediately turned no better than non-natural staples. Likewise, present day transportation and capacity techniques, bringing provincial nourishments, for example, Cajun across the nation, are not really for the improvement of mankind. While suggesting more plant matter, he focuses on that people should turn into a general public of tracker finders, as they were under 150 years prior. Pollan in the section â€Å"The shopper a republic of fat† talks expressly on the inactive way of life and strangely accuses it mostly for the excess of corn delivered in North America. Americans don’t every that much corn so the abundance brought about the enormous liquor fabricating in the 1800’s, which is as yet being utilized today (Pollan). Additionally high

Philippine Traditions The Greatest Heritage Free Essays

The Philippines has immense practices, conventions, and societies. They existed a hundred years prior or might be thousands however they are as yet drilled up to now. It resembles a heritage which is given from age to age. We will compose a custom article test on Philippine Traditions: The Greatest Heritage or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Normally, it is the old people who relate these conventions again and again. On my Grandma’s internment, her esteemed belongings are additionally covered in her grave. I asked my Mama for what good reason they need to do that and she just replied, â€Å"So that she can carry it with her as she leaves us†. All things considered, we as a whole realize that a dead individual can't do that. In all actuality, those things will just rot in there however to the Filipinos, it has an extraordinary criticalness and we can never scrutinize that. Another Filipino legacy which is exceptionally esteemed in wedding custom is the â€Å"Pamamanhikan†. It is the place the eventual man of the hour with his folks goes to the place of the future lady to look for the gift of her folks. It is likewise in this moment that the two gatherings officially set designs for the up and coming wedding. This represents respect and regard to the guardians of the couples. There are likewise sure Filipino propensities that outsiders discover them overpowering. For instance, when a guest comes in, the family serves each delicacy and each mouth-watering Filipino cooking that they can to satisfy the guest. He’ll be taken care of the most agreeable room accessible and every one of his needs are presented with enchant and a comforting grin. No big surprise, Filipinos are known for their friendliness. Step by step instructions to refer to Philippine Traditions: The Greatest Heritage, Papers

The Envious Role in “Roman Fever” Essays

The Envious Role in â€Å"Roman Fever† Essays The Envious Role in â€Å"Roman Fever† Paper The Envious Role in â€Å"Roman Fever† Paper The barely recognizable difference between the dread of the obscure and what is known can now and then become obscured. In the short story â€Å"Roman Fever†, Edith Wharton does only that by recounting to the tale of two women who were ‘childhood friends’. Both are as of late bereaved, and experience each other in Rome unintentionally while voyaging abroad with their little girls Jenny and Barbara. One of the women, Alida Slade, has since a long time ago speculated that her private companion, Grace Ansley was engaged with her life partner numerous years back and has been harboring a type of dim mystery about that contact. As the story unfurls, Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley wonder about the recognizable circumstance they have gotten themselves and their girls in while in Rome. The similitude between the two occasions has brought a considerable lot of Mrs. Slade’s waiting questions back to the surface. Mrs. Slade’s activities all through the story are propelled by the dread of what she doesn't have the foggiest idea and the dread of what she suspects to be valid. Likewise, Mrs. Slade’s characteristic aversion of Grace, her sentiments of frailty, desirously, and their present conditions will compel her into uncovering a since a long time ago left well enough alone of her own that she expectations will uncover reality she has looked for every one of these years. Mrs. Slade’s impossible to miss conduct all through the story is straightforwardly spurred by these components. Desire and jealousy have consistently assumed a significant job in the entwined lives of Alida Slade and Grace Ansley. The sentiments of desire and jealousy go back to when Alida and Grace initially met while on a vacation in Rome as more youthful ladies. As they think back about the beginning of their kinship numerous years prior, they understand that in spite of the fact that they have been companions for a long time, they are relative outsiders. Sitting outside peacefully, the two ladies, â€Å"who have been close since youth, reflect how little they knew each other† (Wharton 1368). Gradually, the peruser starts to comprehend that there had been an unobtrusive, shrouded rivalry for Alida’s life partner, Delphin. Alida stressed that Grace was endeavoring to take her life partner from her. This dread fills the desire and jealousy Alida feels towards Grace and the reemerging of those emotions persuades Alida’s odd conduct of returning to the past in the story. In spite of the fact that Alida Slade ventures a picture of all around reproduced certainty, she is in reality extremely shaky and steadily looks at her life to that of Grace’s. Seeing as they wind up living over the road from each other, the peruser before long understands that despite the fact that their lives are unexpectedly comparative, Alida believes hers to be missing by examination. The main enormous diffence is that of how Alida feels. Beauty doesn't show indistinguishable sentiments from Alida. From the beginning of the story, Alida’s contemplations are in the front line, while Grace’s musings accept a lesser job. The perusers naturally make to a greater degree an association with Alida more so than Grace. This leads the perusers to feel what Alida is feeling and considering rather Grace, permitting a greater amount of an astounding feel to the story. Through Wharton’s utilization of the third individual omniscient perspective, the peruser faculties the hidden rivalry between the two ladies. Alida sees Grace and her better half Horace made a â€Å"good-looking, faultless, exemplary†, (Wharton 1368) couple, generalizing them as â€Å"museum examples of old New York†, (Wharton 1368), which in itself is actually similar to her, yet she doesn't see it. After further dissecting the story, the peruser understands that Alida’s jealousy of Grace, exacerbated with her own questions of fears about the past escalates her contempt for Grace and her longing for vengeance. Alida Slade had since quite a while ago hypothesized that Grace and her life partner, Delphin, were once impractically included, and considerably after so long wedded to Delphin, she despite everything feels mediocre compared to Grace in light of her questions. Furthermore, since the passing of her notable spouse, Alida’s life appears to be dull and she longs for the consideration that was a piece of that way of life. By making dramatization with Grace, she plans to finally find reality and feed her requirement for consideration simultaneously. During the discussion on the porch, Alida starts to offer unobtrusive remarks, as though she is attempting to make Grace bothered and admit to the undertaking. These slippery remarks in the end validate the sensational end between the two companions, despite the fact that the peruser may miss a considerable lot of the remarks on account of their nuance. Alida makes reference to a tale about Grace’s Great-auntie Harriet that Grace’s mother had once let them know. As Grace is remarking on the story, Alida stops her mid sentence and intentionally includes, â€Å"but she truly sent her since they were infatuated with the equivalent man†, (Wharton 1372), as though to prod Grace’s admission along. As the discussion progress, so does the hidden pressure. Alida’s remarks to Grace become short and curt, nearly to where she is gruffly expressing her actual sentiments; something Alida has never finished with Grace. Alida needs Grace to admit to the undertaking with Delphin and when she doesn't, Alida unmistakably says, â€Å" You had been out late touring, hadn’t you? †(Wharton 1373) Grace despite everything doesn't admit to the issue and Alida at long last takes advantage of her ace in the hole, revealing to Grace that is was she who composed the letter that proposed the mystery meeting, not Delphin. An outside source, James Phelan, perspective cases â€Å"Alida tries to harm Grace and build up her own control over her by informing Grace concerning the forgery† (343). At the end of the day, Alida realizes revealing to Grace will put the sentiments of being desirous and jealous off the beaten path, regardless of whether it was passing, causing Alida to feel better about herself. Alida needs the capability between the two. In another telling remark, Alida uncovers another motivation behind her composing the letter. She trusted that Grace would go out into the soggy night to as far as anyone knows meet Delphin and come down with a bug or â€Å"Roman fever† as one would state and be good and gone for half a month, yet then proceeds to state, â€Å"Of course I never thought you’d die†, (Wharton 1374), subliminally mimicking Great-auntie Harriet anecdote about sisters (or companions) in adoration with a similar man. Alida was propelled by desire and dread to endeavor to free herself of Grace. Mrs. Slade’s financial class likewise by implication inspires her envy of Mrs. Ansley. Wharton regularly expounded on things that she knew about and her way of life is reflected in the story â€Å"Roman Fever†. Edith Wharton was â€Å"born to riches and advantaged in the leisured society of the nineteenth-extremely old New York† (Benstock vii), as was Alida Slade and Grace Ansley. Individuals from such an entitled foundation have certain desires. At the point when these desires are not satisfied, individuals can oppose their ethical childhood and look for retaliation. This is the situation with Alida Slade and her longing to feel better than Grace Ansley. In spite of the fact that Alida doesn't discover until the finish of their time together in Rome, Grace doesn't feel a similar way Alida does seeing as Grace at last got whar she needed. Unfulfilled desires likewise feed Alida’s frailties about the connection among Grace and Delphin. Alida hopes to wed well and keep on driving the way of life that she is acquainted with and Grace may have cause a disturbance in those plans. Wharton likewise capably tangles the apparently discrete accounts of the two principle characters and that of their little girls by contrasting illusive similitudes and connecting Alida’s inspiration to both. History is by all accounts rehashing itself when the peruser makes a stride once again from the story and looks at the women’s lives and the comparable conditions their daughter’s now are encountering. Alida begrudges Grace’s little girl Barbara and in her psyche, her own girl Jenny fails to measure up. She drops traces of her actual inclination to Grace when she verbally processes â€Å"how two such model characters, for example, you and Horace had figured out how to produce† a girl like Babs (Wharton 1371). This not exclusively is an unobtrusive hinting, prompting the consummation of the story, yet represents precisely how Alida feels. As observed all through the content, â€Å"This sort of disdain toward the begrudged individual, ‘agent-centered resentment’, when the desirous individual feels that another has obtained prevalence unfairly† (Comins 10) gives Alida included inspiration. Alida even discovers herself thinking â€Å"Jenny [is] such an ideal little girl, that she required no inordinate mothering. ‘Now with Babs Ansley I don’t realize that I ought to be so quiet†, (Wharton 1369). At that point when Grace shields her own girl, Alida obtusely says, â€Å"I acknowledge [Babs]. Also, maybe envy you† (Wharton 1371) and â€Å"I have consistently needed a splendid girl †¦ and never calm comprehended why I got a blessed messenger instead† (Wharton 1371). Alida is frightful that her little girl will encounter a similar sort of self-question she encountered while contending with Grace. Wharton’s title, â€Å"Roman Fever† is emblematic to the story since Roman fever, which used to allude to Malaria, speaks to the deep longings that are left implicit between the characters. Elegance Ansley metaphorically created Roman fever when she ignited with affection for Delphin. Alida Slade metaphorically contracted it when Grace’s love for Delphin filled her with disdain and the longing to look for retribution by writ

Differences Between the North and South that Led to the Civil War Essay

The Southern and Northern states fluctuated on numerous issues, which in the end drove them to the Civil War. There were profound monetary, social, and political contrasts between the North and the South. These distinctions originated from the translation of the United States Constitution on the two sides. At long last, these differences about the privileges of states prompted the Civil War. There were reasons other than subjugation for the South?s withdrawal. The signs of division in America were many: idealistic networks, clashes over open space, reaction against migrants, urban mobs, dark dissent, and Indian opposition (Norton 234). America was a separated land in need change with the South in the most need. The South depended vigorously on farming, rather than the North, which was profoundly populated and an industrialized society. The South developed cotton, which was its primary money crop and numerous Southerners realized that overwhelming dependence on slave work would hurt t he South in the end, yet their admonitions were not paid attention to. The South depended on an extremist framework. Naturally the North preferred a free translation of the United States Constitution, and they needed to concede the national government expanded forces. The South needed to save every single indistinct capacity to the individual states themselves. The South depended upon slave work for their monetary prosperity, and the economy of the North was not dependent on such work or needing this sort of administration. This principle issue eclipsed all others. Southerners contrasted subjugation with the wageslave arrangement of the North, and accepted their slaves got preferred consideration over the northern assembly line laborers got from their managers. Numerous Southern evangelists broadcasted that subjection was authorized in the Bible. Southern pioneers had continually attempted to look for new territories into which bondage may be broadened (Oates 349). After the American Revolution, servitude started to diminish in the North, similarly as it was getting progressively famous in the South. By the turn of the century, seven of the most Northern states had annulled servitude. During this time, a flood of popularity based change cleared the North toward the West, and there were requests for political balance, monetary and social advances for all Americans. Northerners said that subjection denied the human right of being a free individual and when new regions opened up I... ...in conclusion. We ought to recollect the extraordinary penances our kindred residents made during this time and value their activities or attempts. Particularly that of Abraham Lincoln. The most ideal approach to survey the estimation of Lincoln is to think what the state of American would be in today on the off chance that he had never lived or never been President (Whitman 262). Truly, servitude was the reason for the Civil War, half of the nation thought it wasn't right, and the other half just couldn't release it or proceed. The war was battled by and large in better places, and the financial and property misfortune can't be determined. Contentions about the causes and outcomes of the Civil War, just as the explanations behind Northern triumph, will proceed as long as there are students of history to use the pen ? which is, maybe in any event, for this wicked clash, mightier than the blade (Oates 388). The Civil War was an extraordinary waste regarding human life and conceivable achievement and ought to be viewed as despicable. Prior to its first centennial, disaster struck another nation and modified it forever. It will never be overlooked, however misfortune manufactures quality and the United States of America is presently an a lot more grounded country (Oates 388).

Excel Program Functions

Excel Program Functions Excel Program Functions Home›Descriptive Posts›Excel Program Functions Descriptive PostsExcel is a program used in doing financial calculations as well as other types of calculations that the user may require to work out. When one is working with excel program there are some financial functions like PV which present the present value, FV which present the future value and NPER which the total number of payment periods which one needs to apply to arrive at the required answer (Walkenbach, 2010). The answer gotten when calculating any of the above can either be positive or negative, which implies that when the answer is negative the user is supposed to give out, and when the answer is positive, the user is supposed to receive.The PV is defined as the primary amount of the income, and it is used by an individual or a company to determine the present worthiness of a certain future payments. This function helps the user to determine how much a certain commodity is worth given its fut ure value (Walkenbach, 2010). For this function to help the user there must be a known annual interest rate, duration in terms of years, and the future value of the commodity. For instance, The cash in Present Value = the cash in Future Value / (1 + interest rate)yearsThe future value helps the user to determine the worthiness of an investment for a given coming years. Most of the companies make use of this function to determine for how much they will dispose off their commodity sometimes in future. The owner of the commodity can use this function to make his or decisions regarding on when it would be necessary to dispose off the commodity (Walkenbach, 2010). For the function to work out the value the user may be required to apply the present value, annual interest rate and the duration of time in terms of years. For instance: FV= PV (1 + interest rate)yearsNPER function is used by an individual or a company to determine how regularly the owner will pay the money or how regularly he will be supposed to pay. This function is attained by making use of the term and the period and multiplying both of them.

Suffering on Hope Comparing Prometheus and Io - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"Let him hurl his twin-forked lightning bolts down on my head.. let him make the wildly surging sea waves mingle with the pathways of the heavenly stars he cannot make me die,† says Prometheus after his suffering gives him the hope to withstand Zeus (Aeschylus 83). In Prometheus Bound, Aeschylus portrays the effects of suffering on a person’s hope through the two characters of Prometheus and Io. The diverging reactions of these characters challenge us to decide whether a positive or a negative reaction to extreme suffering is the wiser choice. Prometheus suffers dramatically, both physically and mentally, as he is punished by Zeus, a tyrant, for his love and kindness to humans. Since Prometheus disobeyed Zeus’ law, he is forced to suffer from physical pain as he is â€Å"chained here, nailed on this cliff above a deep ravine, where [he] remain† (Aeschylus 54). Prometheus writhes in pain, but he can not move, which represents his physical suffering. He also suffers mentally, as he is unable to put his gift of foresight to use, being bound to a cliff. His sufferings cause a great amount of pain, however Prometheus continues to struggle under Zeus’ wrath, showing his resolve to not submit to Zeus. Furthermore, Prometheus’ suffering affects his hope by giving him more feeling and optimism than before because he realizes that the longer he withstands Zeus and weathers the storm, not telling Zeus the secret of who is going to take over his throne, the sooner Zeus will fall from power. With a more fait hful attitude, he says he â€Å"can see the day approaching when [Zeus’] mind will soften, once that secret [he] described has led to his collapse† (55). Prometheus’ belief that Zeus’ mind will eventually soften demonstrates that he gains more hope because now he believes that sooner or later Zeus will let him go, whereas in the past he did not. Although Prometheus is suffering, it causes him to be more optimistic and not submit to Zeus. This depicts that suffering has a significant effect on Prometheus’ hope because his misery helps him realize that if he remains hopeful, Zeus will collapse and he can ultimately be free. Prometheus’ story provides a lesson to the common man that sometimes suffering can be useful, as it helps people learn and can result in a positive consequence such as in Prometheus’ case, more hope. Meanwhile, another character is being tormented. Io is also forced to suffer, only this time under Hera’s wrath; however, Io begins to lose hope because she can not bear the pain she is going through. Zeus’ lust for Io causes her to be in misery, as Hera turns Io into a cow. When explaining her story to Prometheus, Io says, â€Å" [Hera] is oppressing [her] setting a fearful stinging fly to chase a helpless girl† (67). Io did not do anything wrong, but has to suffer involuntarily, as she is continuously stung by a gadfly and is forced to roam around paths that never end. This illustrates the significant amount of pain she has to bear. Moreover, Io begins to doubt her hope of deliverance. She does not want to continue being tormented in the future, as Prometheus told her she would, and she can no longer stand the pain she is in now as she says, â€Å"I would prefer to die once and for all than suffer such afflictions every day† (72-73). Io makes this statement as if she has given up on life. Instead of fi ghting the pain, Io would rather die because she no longer believes that her physical body or mind will be free. Furthermore, Io’s statement that she would rather die than to continue to be in agony is used to indicate that suffering has driven her too far. It is significant in representing the effects of suffering on her hope because it reveals that she has no faith left, as she can not tolerate a lifetime of pain. Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound illustrates how the sufferings of Prometheus and Io affect their hope. Both Prometheus and Io suffer physically and emotionally, however Prometheus is able to use his suffering to help himself become more hopeful, which gives him belief that he can withstand Zeus and eventually be free. Io, is also in great agony; however, in a contrast to Prometheus, her suffering has a negative effect on her hope, causing her to lose all of her faith because she believes that she will never be free from the pain or suffering she is going through, even in the future. Both stories provide the wisdom of positive and negative effects of suffering on a person’s hope in a manner that is understandable, and perhaps useful, to those approaching Aeschylus work.

Definition of Commonplace in Rhetoric

The term commonplace has multiple meanings in rhetoric. Classical Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, a commonplace is a statement or bit of knowledge that is commonly shared by members of an audience or a community.   Meaning of Commonplace in Rhetoric A commonplace is an elementary rhetorical exercise, one of the progymnasmata. In invention, commonplace is another term for a common topic. Also known as  tà ³pos koinà ³s (in Greek) and  locus communis (in Latin). Etymology:  From the Latin, generally applicable literary passage Pronunciation: KOM-un-plase Commonplace Examples and Observations Life holds one great but quite commonplace mystery. Though shared by each of us and known to all, it seldom rates a second thought. That mystery, which most of us take for granted and never think twice about, is time, saysMichael Ende in his book, Momo. [In John Miltons Paradise Lost, the devils] speech to the deities of the void is a deliberative oration; he seeks to persuade them to give him information he needs by pleading the advantage his mission will bring them. He bases his argument on the commonplace of regal power and imperial jurisdiction, promising to expel All usurpation from the new-created world and to re-erect there the Standard...of ancient Night, according to John M. Steadman in Miltons Epic Characters. Aristotle on Commonplaces In the book, Rhetorical Tradition, authors Patricia Bizzell and Bruce Herzberg say, The commonplaces or topics are locations of standard categories of arguments. Aristotle distinguishes four common topics: whether a thing has occurred, whether it will occur, whether things are bigger or smaller than they seem, and whether a thing is or is not possible. Other commonplaces are definition, comparison, relationship, and testimony, each with its own subtopics.... In the Rhetoric, in Books I and II, Aristotle talks about not only common topics that can generate arguments for any kind of speech, but also special topics that are useful only for a particular kind of speech or subject matter. Because the discussion is dispersed, it is sometimes hard to determine what each kind of topic is. In the book, A Rhetoric of Motives, Kenneth Burke says that [A]ccording to [Aristotle], the characteristically rhetorical statement involves commonplaces that lie outside any scientific specialty; and in proportion as the rhetorician deals with special subject matter, his proofs move away from the rhetorical and toward the scientific. (For instance, a typical rhetorical commonplace, in the Aristotelian sense, would be Churchills slogan, Too little and too late, which could hardly be said to fall under any special science of quantity or time.) The Challenge of Recognizing Commonplaces To detect a rhetorical commonplace, the scholar must generally rely on empirical evidence: that is, the collecting and evaluating of related lexical and thematic elements in the texts of other authors. Such components, however, are often hidden by oratorical embellishments or historiographical dexterity, explains Francesca Santoro Lhoir in her book, Tragedy, Rhetoric, and the Historiography of Tacitus Annales. Classical Exercise The following assignment is explained in the book, Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, by Edward P. Corbett: Commonplace. This is an exercise that expands on the moral qualities of some virtue or vice, often as exemplified in some common phrase of advice. The writer in this assignment must seek through his or her knowledge and reading for examples that will amplify and illustrate the sentiments of the commonplace, proving it, supporting it, or showing its precepts in action. This is a very typical assignment from the Greek and Roman world in that it assumes a considerable store of cultural knowledge. Here are several commonplaces that might be amplified: a. An ounce of action is worth a ton of theory.b. You always admire what you really dont understand.c. One cool judgment is worth a thousand hasty counsels.d. Ambition is the last infirmity of noble minds.e. The nation that forgets its defenders will be itself forgotten.f. Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely.g. As the twig is bent, so grows the tree.h. The pen is mightier than the sword. Jokes and Commonplaces The following examples of jokes with a religious bent are from Ted Cohens book, Jokes: Philosophical Thoughts on Joking Matters. With some hermetic jokes what is required is not knowledge, or belief, in the first instance, but an awareness of what might be called commonplaces. A young Catholic woman told her friend, I told my husband to buy all the Viagra he can find.Her Jewish friend replied, I told my husband to buy all the stock in Pfizer he can find. It is not required that the audience (or the teller) actually believe that Jewish women are more interested in money than in sex, but he must be acquainted with this idea. When jokes play upon commonplaces—which may or may not be believed—they often do it by exaggeration. Typical examples are clergymen jokes. For instance, After knowing one another for a long time, three clergymen—one Catholic, one Jewish, and one Episcopalian—have become good friends. When they are together one day, the Catholic priest is in a sober, reflective mood, and he says, Id like to confess to you that although I have done my best to keep my faith, I have occasionally lapsed, and even since my seminary days I have, not often, but sometimes, succumbed and sought carnal knowledge.Ah well, says the rabbi, It is good to admit these things, and so I will tell you that, not often, but sometimes, I break the dietary laws and eat forbidden food.At this the Episcopalian priest, his face reddening, says, If only I had so little to be ashamed of. You know, only last week I caught myself eating a main course with my salad fork.​   Sources Bizzell, Patricia and Bruce Herzberg. The Rhetorical Tradition. 2nd ed, Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. Burke, Kenneth. A Rhetoric of Motives. Prentice-Hall, 1950. Cohen, Ted. Jokes: Philosophical Thoughts on Joking Matters. The University of Chicago Press, 1999. Corbett, Edward P.J. and Robert J. Connors. Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1999. Ende, Michael. Momo. Translated by Maxwell Brownjohn, Doubleday, 1985. Lhoir, Francesca Santoro. Tragedy, Rhetoric, and the Historiography of Tacitus Annales. University of Michigan Press, 2006. Steadman, John M. Miltons Epic Characters. The University of North Carolina Press, 1968.

Illustrating Freedom and Responsibility as an Opposing...

In Kate Chopins The Awakening, the author frames the notions of freedom and responsibility by contrasting them within an opposing dichotomy portrayed through the main character, Edna Pontellier, and through her subconscious denial of Creole responsibility while attaining freedom for her body, mind, and soul. Within this dichotomy the notions change inversely: the more freedom that is exercised by Edna because of unknown, and undisclosed, subconscious analysis deep in her mind, her sense of Creole responsibilities ebb proportionately. As these opposing forces ebb and flow, Chopin shows freedom in its basic and natural light—as being instinctive and as the normal state of a human being, evidenced by Edna Pontelliers actions flowing†¦show more content†¦But oddly, Chopin does not present this contrast of rebellion as a juxtaposition of the concepts of responsibility versus irresponsibility; instead, she lets defiance take its place, as seen here when Leonce perceives Ednas violation of a social norm: â€Å"This is more than folly,† he blurted out. â€Å"I cant permit you to stay out here all night. You must come in the house instantly.† [Leonce](Kindle location 584-600). In the paragraph which follows, she turns the tables neatly: †With a writhing motion she settled herself more securely in the hammock. She perceived that her will had blazed up, stubborn and resistant. She could not at that moment have done other than denied and resisted. She wondered if her husband had ever spoken to her like that before, and if she had submitted to his command. Of course she had; she remembered that she had. But she could not realize why or how she could have yielded, feeling as she did then†(Kindle location 588). Immediately, she says, â€Å"Leonce, go to bed, ... I mean to stay out here. I dont wish to go in, and I dont intend to. Dont speak to me like that again; I shall not answer you† [Edna] (Kindle location 589). It is here that she anchors her freedom. Her role as an obedient Creole wife has ended. The totality of her transformation to a

Feminism And Its Effect On Society - 1509 Words

In our modern society there is a word that can be said that can make grown men cringe and conservative parents worry and strike up discussions and debates anywhere you go. This word carries a lot of weight but is never quite taken seriously.The word is known by many people but not fully understood by the masses. The word being referred to is Feminism and it is phenomenon that has been around for years but has been spreading through people everywhere. Feminism is a movement created to help everyone and make our society more positive and to rule out harmful gender roles in our culture. Feminism is defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as â€Å"the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities† and also â€Å" organized activity in support of women s rights and interests†. In other words it means that everyone is to have equal opportunities and representation regardless of gender identity. â€Å"The term â€Å"feminism† originated from the French word â€Å"feminisme,† coined by the utopian socialist Charles Fourier, and was first used in English in the 1890s, in association with the movement for equal political and legal rights for women†. Feminism is an all-inclusive movement for equal rights for all women including trans, women women of color, and disabled women. The movement has a goal of taking gender roles and harmful stereotypes out of the picture, resulting in a more positive community for people everywhere. Throughout history the idea of women being lessersShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Feminism on Society816 Words   |  3 PagesIn the average workplace, women earn 22% less salary than men regardless of their work ethic or what they have to offer to their employer (Lowen). Women around the world have been treated like they hold less significance to society dating back to the ancient Romans. This leads many to question: why does it matter now? In the ever growing and changing world known today women need to take a stand for what they are worth. Many of these strong willed women that are looking for change are leading charactersRead MoreFeminism And Its Effects On Society1173 Words   |  5 Pages For the past few decades, â€Å"feminism† has been portrayed as women who hate men and think all men are evil. True â€Å"feminists† define it as achieving equal political, economical, and social rights for women. Though more and more people are starting to realize the true mean ing, its the negative assumptions that are stuck in people’s mind. The media is to blame for misguiding people because of these false accusations. Feminist still faced problems in today’s society. Many people are made to believe thatRead MoreFeminism And Its Effect On Society946 Words   |  4 Pagespatients diagnosed with AIDS were assumed to be gay. This ignorant perspective negatively branded the gay community, which caused homosexual men to feel as if they must repress their true selves in order to successfully function and fit into American society. A fact to be noted is that though Angels in America was written as a sort of advocacy for gay men, there is a clear presence of femininity that is important to discuss. Femininity is, by definition, the womanliness of something. This play challengesRead MoreFeminism : A Negative Effect On Society1608 Words   |  7 Pagesequality with men. They have been held back and their opportunities taken away from them because of the fact that they’re women. Feminism has had a profound negative effect in the past and is still having a negative effect in the high profile of modern society. Feminism is still as relevant today as it was when women were fighting for their right to vote. In modern society, women and men aren’t thought of equals, when compared to the strong, dominant male. Females are often thought of as inferior andRead MoreBlack Feminism : A Profound Effect On Society s History3616 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Black Feminism has proven to have a profound effect on society’s history, and is now beginning to impact even more this day and age. Black feminism is broader than what comes to mind. It is an essential component of black struggle against oppression and authority. Generally Black feminism is used to empower and liberate black women. Throughout the years many liberals have tried to exclude and silence black feminist. Black feminist have demanded for social, economic and political equalityRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On The Feminism Movement Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Feminism Movement Abstract: The new media Internet, social media platforms, has been an increasingly popular tool for feminists to promote the feminism movement. With the broad reach of the internet and social media, this has led to a wider awareness of the feminist movement. The broad reach of the internet and social media however has also open the female gender to various levels of objectification. This paper reviews the research that has been done regarding the effect thatRead More Feminist Approaches to Social Work1641 Words   |  7 Pagessocial work in today’s society. It will first look at the different types of feminism that are present in society. It will then trace and highlight the emergence of feminism in society. This essay will then delve deeper into the different types of approaches that were taken on by feminists within the field of social work. It will discuss what effect these approaches had on society especially women. According to Hooks (2000) as cited in Considine and Dukelow (2009:141) â€Å"Feminism is a movement to endRead MoreThe Media Shape And Reinforce Feminism1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media Shape and Reinforce Feminism Why cannot female characters be stronger? The role of media is representing the social status that reflects the actual situation of the female in society’s different aspects. However, female characters do not have enough representation because males take most of the important roles in different kinds of media. Female characters are always represented as one-sided and more reliant on male characters. Even though there is a trend of misrepresentation of femalesRead MoreLiberal Feminism vs. Radical Feminism Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesLiberal Feminism and Radical Feminism The goal of feminism as both a social movement and political movement is to make women and men equal not only culturally, but socially and legally. Even though there are various types of feminism that focus on different goals and issues, the ultimate end to feminism is abolishing gender inequality that has negative effects on women in our society. The issues and goals that a feminist may have are dependent on the social organization or the type of economicRead MoreInstitutions Project1702 Words   |  7 PagesFor a very long time in the U.S. society, women of color have suffered too much oppression and discrimination from in many forms including on racial, class, and gender grounds. They have been subordinated, experience restricted participation in existing social institutions, and structurally placed in roles that have limited opportunities. Their congregation includes African Americans, the Asian Americans, the Latinas and others. There case has been made even worse by the fact that being a weaker

Fahrenheit 451 Heros Hero Essay - 1490 Words

Timothy Yung Ms. Rooney English 10 H Period 3 3 October 2017 Montag’s Reincarnation In life, everyone follows a journey; humans are born, adapt, and learn from society, often they have their views shattered, and must go through many challenges to realize their true purpose. In literature, this is called the hero’s journey, where the main character goes through a cycle to become reborn as a new person. In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, a book of dystopian fiction, the main character, Guy Montag, starts out as a fireman who loves burning books in a futuristic society. As the storyline progresses, Montag meets his neighbor, Clarisse for the first time, who opens his eyes to the emotions and feelings of others. Eventually Montag breaks the†¦show more content†¦After wrestling mentally with himself, he realizes that he is, in fact, not happy. This shows Montag receiving the call to adventure and rejecting it instantly. However, after thinking about it, accepts the call. â€Å"It was like coming into the cold marbled r oom of a mausoleum after the moon has set† (9). In this scene, Montag crosses the threshold of his bedroom he shares with Mildred and feels something he has never before. He relates it to a dark and stifling mausoleum or tomb. Montag feels as if his fake mask of happiness has been torn off and can not be returned. Montag has crossed the threshold and now is preparing to face the trials and challenges that will test his own beliefs and cemented views of society. Montag is now at the point where his views are being tested and new beliefs of life are being created. â€Å"Montag had done nothing. His hand had done it all, his hand, with a brain of its own, with a conscience and a curiosity in each trembling finger, had turned thief† (35). Here Montag sees a plethora of books inside of Mrs. Blake’s house and seemingly of its own accord Montag’s hand takes a book. He has now broken a rule that everyone in Montag’s society knows, never to take or read books. Mrs. Blakes, instead of coming with the firemen out of the house decides to burn with the books. This confuses Montag and piques his curiosity to figure out what inside the book could drive someone to die with

Geely Automobile Free Essays

International Business Environment Analysis for Geely plc. 1 International Business Environment II Module title: International Business Environment (P13KL9) Module convener: Lei Li Title: Critical Analysis of International Business Environment in UK and Malaysia : A Project of Geely plc‘s Foreign Expansion Group Name List GROUP NO. ID NO. We will write a custom essay sample on Geely Automobile or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6501184 6501425 6501559 6501825 6501972 6500420 6501843 NAME Chen Yiduo Wang Hao Yin Xiaoyun Wang Zheng Zhu Weixing Zhu Leizhen Wu Gaoying Number of Words: 4201 Submission Time/Date: 14th May, 2010 2 International Business Environment II Covering Note: Yiduo, Chen(6501184), Leader: ASEAN, Leverage the multinational institutions—ASEAN, UNNC Gaoying, Wu (6501843): WTO, UNNC Hao, Wang (6501425): EU, Leverage the multinational institutions—EU, UNNC Leizhen, Zhu (6500420): Income profile, Culture, Marketing analysis—Income profile, UNNC Introduction, Econography, Political risk, Assessment, Conclusion, UNNC Weixin, Zhu (6501972): Xiaoyun, Yin (6501559): Legal System, Exchange rate, Geely‘s Reacts, Recommendations, UNNC Zheng, Wang (6501825): Tax regime, Restrictions, Marketing analysis—legal system, UNNC 3 International Business Environment II Table of contents Pages 1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 2. ECLIPTER facotrs analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 2. 1Econography 2. 2 Culture 2. 3 Legal system 2. 4Income profile 2. 5 Political risk 2. 6 Tax Regime 2. 7 Exchange rate 2. 8 Restrictions Institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 13 3. 1 WTO 3. 2 EU 3. 3 ASEAN 3. 4. Assessment of Geely’s overall international expansion strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 5. Marketing analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 5. 1 Legal system 5. 2 Income profile 6. Geely’s reacts to the impact of the ECLIPTER†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 7. Leverage the multilateral institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 19 7. 1 ASEAN 7. 2 EU 8. Implications and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20 9. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 10. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 11. Appendix (Interview)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 4 International Business Environment II 1. Introduction Geely, the China-based auto company and one of the newly-emerged multinationals in the world auto market, exerts tremendous influences on the auto industry. This essay will conduct a critical analysis of the international business environment that the company faces. In the first part, the ECLIPTER factors including econography, culture, legal system, income profile, political risk, tax regime, exchange rate and restrictions, together with the multilateral institutions such as WTO, EU and ASEAN will be examined by using UK and Malaysia as examples. Then based on this analysis, it will provide an assessment of the company‘s overall international expansion strategy and process. In the second part, legal system and income profile, the two most important ECLIPTER factors on Geely‘ overseas operations, will be evaluated. Furthermore, the scheme which Geely used to deal with the impact of these two factors and leverage the multilateral institutions will be shown. Finally, this report will analyze whether the company‘s international adaptation of the business function is effective, and then give some recommendations and lessons. 2. ECLIPTER Factors Analysis 2. 1 Econography Econography refers to physical and human assets including distance from major markets, and natural resources of nations that affect industry performance. In the first, the close distance between parent company and foreign subsidiary can help the company to reduce the transport costs and overhead expenses; it also can improve the connection between them. If the parent company is in China, it is better to build a subsidiary in Asia such as Malaysia. Secondly, the natural resources used for making cars mainly include steel, copper, and aluminum. If the country owns rich mineral resources, it can greatly provide benefit in the production of automobiles. One of the major purposes for many multinational corporations establishing overseas subsidiaries is to exploit the foreign natural resources. This is good for companies to 5 International Business Environment II reduce production costs and get competitive advantages. As World Steel Association reported in 2009 that the crude steel production of United Kingdom is 13. 5 in 2008, whereas the crude steel production of Malaysia is 6. 1 in 2008. 2. 2 Culture This paragraph will analyze the effects of culture on auto industry through power distance index and saving rate. Firstly, power distance index measures the degree of inequality exists in a society (Hofstede, 1997). The power distance index is 80 in Malaysia whereas it is only 35 in UK (Hofstede, 2008). The unequal distribution of wealth makes most Malaysian citizens prefer to hold a commercial auto. So the inexpensive Geely auto could be a good option for them. Secondly, saving rate could be a standard to show the attitude of citizens. The saving rate of Malaysia was 47 per cent in the year 1998 which ranks second in Asia (Azia, 2004). In contrast, the saving rate in UK was significantly low, which was less than 10 percent in the past ten years. For instance, the saving rate of UK household in 2008 was only 1. 7 percent (chart 1)(Presser, 2008). So UK citizens are apt to consume a relatively high price car. Chart 1 Resource from Posser (2008) 6 International Business Environment II 2. 3 Legal system The auto industry has been affected by laws and government regulations since the 1960’s. The first safety act passed in 1966 by Congress and was called the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (Highfill, 2004). This act forced manufacturers to improve the safety for the passengers, the driver visibility, and the braking of the car. Not only safety, but also environment is being growingly concerned even before the oil crisis. The Vehicle Air Pollution and Control Act passed in 1965 was the first act to set standards for automobile pollution. Then in the 1970’s, Congress passed the Clean Air Act that led to a 90% decrease in automobile emission within the next six years (ibid). In the 1970’s the oil crisis led to the approval of The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 which stated that all automobiles must meet a certain mileage per gallon. The act required that all automobiles had to meet a standard of 20mpg by the 1980 model and then 27. 5 mpg for the 1985 model (ibid). EU 2020 growth strategy also emphasizes the importance of low carbon automobile (Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, 2010). There are also many special laws for auto industry in different countries, such as Malaysia, which has built a free trade area for production and assembly of products for export-oriented enterprises. Companies can enjoy the minimum tariffs, raw materials and simplified mechanical equipment import formalities. Nevertheless, the Malaysia government regulates that more than 80% products should export to other countries (Daily News, 2006). Furthermore, the UK Byers Acts Measures to cut the average price of a car by ? 1,100 and save private car buyers around ? 1 billion a year. Although it may lower the profitability of auto industry, the number of consumers will increase gradually (DTI, 2000). 2. 4 Income profile Since automobile is not inferior goods, the demand of automobile would rise when income increases. In the economic aspect, income could be an indicator of the purchasing power of individuals and nations. Data from UK national statistics office (2010) demonstrated that despite the contracted 4. 9 percent of GDP in the whole year, the GDP increased 0. 4 percent in 7 International Business Environment II the fourth quarter of 2009. Furthermore, Household expenditure also rose 0. percent in the fourth quarter of 2009 in UK (chart2). For Malaysia, the GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2009 was 4. 5 though the figure was negative in the whole year (chart 3) (Malaysia statistics, 2010). It can be observed that the economy of both UK and Malaysia seem to recover from the global financial crisis. This positive signal predicts the growing demand and diste nsible market for Geely in both countries. Chart 2 Resource from UK statistics 2010 Chart3 Resource from Malaysia statistics 2010 8 International Business Environment II The core competitiveness of Geely automobile relies on its high performance-price ratio. Per capital GNI (Gross national income) in Malaysia was 25784 RM in 2008. By analyzing the 2004 United Nations Human Development (UNHDP) report, except the 20% population of richest and poorest class, Geely will be a better choice for the rest citizens in Malaysia(chart 4) (Lumpur, 2004). In comparison, the young people account for a great amount of population in UK. A source from HMRC shows the average income of under 20 years is ? 9,570 and 20-24 years is ? 13,200 which is below the average (chart 5). It implies that when young generation decide to buy a car, price is the first consideration factor. For medium quality car manufacture companies, young population in UK could be a potential group of customers. Chart 4 9 International Business Environment II Chart5 Median Age Band Under 20 years 20 – 24 ? 11,800 years 25 – 29 ? 17,000 years 30 -34 ? 19,500 years 35 – 39 ? 20,100 years 40-44 ? 20,200 years 45 – 49 ? 20,300 years Resource from Lumpur (2004) ? 28,600 ? 24,800 ? 35,400 ? 15,200 ? 20,100 ? 28,100 ? 24,600 ? 34,600 ? 14,900 ? 19,800 ? 26,800 ? 23,600 ? 31,700 ? 15,500 ? 20,100 ? 23,900 ? 21,600 ? 26,700 ? 16,400 ? 20,100 ? 19,300 ? 17,800 ? 20,600 ? 15,900 ? 17,800 ? 3,200 ? 12,400 ? 13,800 ? 11,200 ? 12,300 ? 8,130 ? 9,570 ? 8,490 ? 9,810 ? 7,990 ? 9,250 Median Income Mean Income Income (Men) (Men) (Women) (Women) Income Income Income Mean Median Mean 2. 5 Political risk According to Guinger (2001), political risk describes the stability of government institutions. It can be measured in a variety of ways such as likelihood of foreign aggressio n and civil insurrection. The Transparency International (2009) showed that UK and Malaysia both face some problems of political corruption, which adversely affects the efficiency of economic operation. World Bank estimates that corruption could cost Malaysia as much as RM10 10 International Business Environment II billion a year – an amount equivalent to 1 or 2 per cent of GDP. The corruption in the UK is lighter than Malaysia, which ranked 17, whereas Malaysia ranked 56 in world in 2009 based on Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. But the corruption in UK is not unheard. Surveys by Control Risks and Simmons Simmons show that the awareness of UK laws against foreign bribery may be decreasing over time. In 2002, after the act came into force, 68 percent of respondents said they were familiar with its main points. But in 2006, 48 percent people said that they have totally ignored it (Global Corruption Report, 2009). 2. 6 Tax Regime Tax regime refers to the tax instruments that governments use to raise revenues from multinational firms, such as corporate taxes. The tax of Malaysia is transparent, the multinational corporate must be taxed 30% of the corporate income which is just the same as Malaysia companies Marketing directory, 2005) According to the tax incentive treaties, auto ( . ndustry may be eligible for pioneer status which is given by the way of an abatement of 70% of the profits for five years (ibid). The remaining 30% of the profits will be taxed at the prevailing corporate income tax rate. The profits abated are exempt from tax and will be available for distribution as tax-free dividends. In UK the resident corporate tax is the lowest in Europe, even the tax is zero for t he small companies in 2002(Lawandtax-news, 2010). According to the tax treaties, multinational corporate which set up, purchase or control the companies in UK can follow the resident tax (Navstar, 2009). In the ordinary course of events, foreign companies cannot follow the low corporate tax, but with regard to double taxation and the agreement between UK and China, Chinese multinational corporates in UK now pay the low tax (ibid). 2. 7 Exchange rate Stable trade policies are extremely important for both the economic welfare of the countries and the multilateral trading system. Unfortunately, the liberalization measures were adopted by many countries. As Dornbusch‘s 1976 analysis has pointed out that when the exchange rate is used to provide protection for domestic firms, it is through undervaluation. An undervalued 11 International Business Environment II exchange rate protects domestic firms from imports and gives domestic firms greater incentives to export. For example, the Balance of Payments Committee of the WTO has received 39 requests from member countries for derogations from their international obligations and for a temporary increase in temporary protection. Moreover, several developing countries, such as Malaysia, have recently increased tariffs in response to financial crises even though the higher rates remain below the rates these countries bounded in the WTO. Moreover the analysis said China has become a great auto exporter, as a result of the huge subsidies, an undervalued exchange rate and dirt-cheap credit (Swaminathan, 2009). 2. 8 Restrictions Restrictions refer to the taxes and limitations that host governments place on foreign products and services or on foreign firms themselves when they enter or leave the host economy. Because of the policy of protecting their national automobile industry, the import tax of automobile is relatively high in Malaysia. Since 2004, Malaysia began to reduce the automobile import tax: for the import components the tax is reduce from 25% to 10%, and for the whole automobile the import tax is drop from 130% to 30% for the companies outside of Southeast Asia (MEI, 2009). In 2010, according to the agreement of ASEAN, the automobile import tax will be zero to all the regions of ASEAN. UK is a member of EU, it followed the economic agreement of EU which sets no import or export tax between members of EU and they must charge the same tax when they have business with the third country (European competitiveness, 2009). 12 International Business Environment II Scoring Analysis of UK and Malaysia Country Score Econography Culture Legal System Income Profile Political Risk Tax Regime Exchange Rate Restrictions Total (10) (10) (20) (20) (10) (10) (10) (10) (100) 8 7 18 8 8 8 7 7 71 7 6 16 15 5 9 8 9 75 UK Malaysia 3. Institutions 3. 1 WTO The major objectives of WTO‘s roles are ? the creation of a common automobile market through the elimination of barriers to intra-Community trade; the maintenance and expansion of a competitive world automobile industry; the use of voluntary import restrictions to prevent cheap imports and to maintain competitiveness? European Commission, 2006). For example, in 2006, WTO announced the establishment of a panel to examine whether China’s tariffs on imported auto parts violate WTO trade rules, following a joint complaint made by the United States, the European Union and Canada, who accused China for its discriminatory charges on imported auto parts. After exami ning China‘s related regulations, WTO panel declared that China’s regulations are inconsistent with China’s WTO obligations. China has agreed to make the necessary regulatory changes by September 2009 (Herd, 2006). 13 International Business Environment II WTO facilitates Geely‘s international expansion since the elimination of trade barriers has cleared its path to world market and made it integrated to the world economy. In 2002, after China joined into WTO, 100 automobiles of Geely exported to Syria (Luo, 2005). 3. 2 EU EU functions as a rule-imposer. It sets strict requirements and institute rules and regulations to improve vehicle safety. Besides the vehicle crash tests executed by Euro NCAP (European New Car Assessment Program backed by European Commission), there are also some regulations set to protect the environment. First, in order to respond to the gradual aggravation of greenhouse effect, the European commission developed a mandatory emission standard to limit the emission of one major kind of greenhouse gas, CO2. The regulation set a fleet-average CO2 emission target for passenger cars, which is 120 g/km to be reached by 2015 (European Commission, 2010). The vehicle manufacturers must reach the CO2 emission target of 130g/km, with an additional reduction of 10 g/km to be provided by supplementary measures, such as the use of hydrogen fuel. A long-term target of 95 g/km to be reached by 2020 is also stablished by the regulation (ibid). This regulation will take effect in 2012. From 2012 onwards, vehicle manufacturers who do not meet this target will have to pay penalty for their excess emissions. According to DieselNet (2010), from 2012 to 2018, the penalties are â‚ ¬5 per vehicle for the first g/km of CO2; â‚ ¬15 for the second gram; â‚ ¬25 for the third gram; â‚ ¬95 from the four th gram onwards. From 2019, manufacturers will pay â‚ ¬95 for each g/km exceeding the target. Another congressional mandate imposed by European Commission requires tire pressure monitoring systems on all new cars in 2012. According to Europe‘s Information Society (2010), many road accidents resulting in fatalities and physical injuries are linked to tire defects. Furthermore, under-inflated tires can result in severely inefficient use of fuel and cause an extra two million tons of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere per year. So this mandate enhances vehicle safety and protects the environment. 14 International Business Environment II These regulations have incurred a rise in car prices since vehicle manufacturers are forced to increase price to offset the cost of upgrading. These regulations put Geely in an unfavorable position. Since Geely is better known for making low-tech and cheap cars, making eco-friendly cars is not included in the competencies of the company and huge RD spending is inevitable for nurturing this competence. They set a high bar for the competition and limit Geely‘s ability to expand market in Europe. 3. 3 ASEAN ASEAN – Association of South East Asia Nations is a geo-political and economic organization of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia. China and ASEAN are both newly-emerged, rapidly-developing auto markets. Cooperation in auto industry between China and ASEAN will bring a win-win situation for the two sides and make their cars more competitive in a global competition. For instance, according to Xinhua News Agency (2006), a report released by the Ministry of Commerce Indonesia has announced that compared to the expensive Japanese sedans, the China-made ones gradually gain popularity for more favourable price-performance ratio. ASEAN country also needs investment from Chinese carmakers to expand local employment and for more price-favourable cars, said a Germany auto expert at the China-ASEAN Expo, 2006. Consequently, in general, ASEAN opens its gate to Chinese car companies including Geely to achieve a win-win situation. 4. Assessment of Geely’s overall international expansion strategy Geely‘s current international strategy is to produce affordable automobile, so the market size and consume power of a foreign market are highly valued by Geely. Malaysia automobile market resembles China more than UK, in the aspects such as the people‘s income, the similar culture, and the similar geographical position, etc. As by now most cars have been exported to some developing countries like South-East Asia, Ukraine, Russia, and Mexico, Malaysia will be good choice. Meanwhile, although UK does not represent a neighboring or ? home‘ market, 15 International Business Environment II as markets in South-East Asia do, UK could be seen as an interesting market with a potential for higher margins, higher price levels and a more mature market for branding, technology, etc, as the UK‘s income per capita, and the automobile sales volume are higher than that of Malaysia. Considering the future international development, Geely should focus on UK. Therefore, at first, it is better for Geely to develop its ? producing automobile which most of people can buy‘ strategy in Malaysia, and when Geely is able to enter high-end automobile market, UK will be a better choice. In terms of multilateral institution, after evaluating the influence of international organizations, we suggest that Malaysia is a better choice for Chinese car companies to exploit new markets. Firstly, a win-win situation guarantees a favourably corporate relationship between Geely and ASEAN (Eichengreen, 2006). Secondly, there are various quality-related requirements and constraints in EU and probably NAFTA, which puts up a strong challenge for those Asian auto makers. Moreover, by far, there is no evidence to prove the acquisition of Manganese Bronze and Volvo have considerably increased Geely‘s sale in developed nations. Thus considering the opportunities and threats faced by Geely, it is recommended that the company emphasizes on developing nations‘ markets, rather than the developed markets. 5. Marketing analysis 5. 1 Legal system According to Alistair Darling‘s pre-budget report, UK will bring new opportunities for the low-carbon industries. Through the Innovation Investment Fund and the Carbon Trust’s Venture Capital scheme, UK will invest at least ? 160m in low carbon projects (Guardian, 2009). They will also invest ? 90m in the European Investment Bank’s new 2020 fund, which will put 6. 5 billion Euros of finance in green infrastructure projects. In this report, there are alterations to the climate change levy, company car tax, and fuel benefit charge (ibid). This is good news for Geely because now it dedicates itself to produce high-tech and eco-friendly automobile. In 16 International Business Environment II UK the amount of car tax depends on the price and the discharge amount for carbon, which is from 9% for electric motor car to 10%-35% for petrochemical car. UK also has a successful car scrappage scheme, which gives consumers a ? 2,000 discount off. If they scrap their old vehicle, it will help up to 125,000 families replace their inefficient boilers with new models (Julia, 2009). Through the government‘s support of low-carbon industry, Geely has more opportunities to innovate high-tech and eco-friendly automobile. Furthermore, because of the low tax and car scrappage scheme, customer is inclined to buy or change an electric motor car,. In 22nd March 2006, Malaysia published the new automobile policy (MEI, 2009). Since that day, the import taxes of CBU (Complete Built Unit) are reduced from 20% to 5% for the ASEAN members and 50% to 30% for other countries. The import taxes of CKD (Completely Knock Down) are 10%. In 28th October 2009, Mustafa Mohamed announced many new policies for auto industry which will give much more preferences and subsidies for the new energy automobile companies (ibid). . 2 Income profile It is known that the success of Geely relies mostly on keeping low cost and offering the affordable cars. For instance, Geely’s best-selling four-door sedan, the King Kong, has been sold 6127 in April 2010 and the retail price is between 47,800RMB – 58,800RMB (Jiang, 2010). Geely sold 329,014 passenger cars in 2009, making it is the third largest domestic car producer (Zhe ng, 2010). However, Geely’s winning formula is under pressure in china because Chinese consumers are becoming wealthier; the higher-end models will gradually be affordable for them. Meanwhile, brands such as the Chery QQ, Ford Fiesta, and Honda Civic are threatening Geely‘s current market position. Geeky‘s winning formula is also challenged at the oversea markets like UK and Malaysia. Date from HMRC (HM Revenue Customs) indicates that nearly 50% of the population in UK earns ? 16400 annually which is much higher than the middle class income of Malaysia. This group of population could be a dominant power in the automobile market in UK. It is not a wise choice to sell its inexpensive cars in UK considering that low price would not be 17 International Business Environment II attractive for these relatively rich citizens. The similar situation also happened in Malaysia which made Geely‘s low price cars less competitive. This is because that the predicted real GDP growth in 2010, 2011 and 2015 are 4. 7%, 5. 0% and 5. 0%, Malaysian people are becoming richer than before(IMF, 2010). Their increasing incomes will directly affect their car buying choice. People nowadays prefer the higher-end models and the market share of Geely‘s lower-end models are estimated to reduce gradually. 6. Geely’s reacts to the impact of the ECLIPTER First, since the middle of 2009, the sales of car exports decreased from 37940 in 2008 to 6297. Furthermore, although Geely exports to more than 50 countries, most of them are developing countries which are not so effective in the promotion of the brand image. In order to get rid of low-end image, Geely changed its strategy from ? produce automobile which most of people can buy‘ to ? do not produce cars which price is below 40000 Yuan‘ (Fang, 2009). Besides, Geely take over Volvo which also expressed its desire to promote the brand image. Geely‘s strategy changes starts in May 2007, which is focus on transforming its competitive advantage from price to technology. In 2007, Geely used three new motorcycle type—Yuan Jing, King Kong and Zi You Jian, which have relatively higher value added to substitute the Haoqing, Meiri and You Liou. For doing that, Geely scraped its old molds, jigs and production line which worth up to 8 billion Yuan. In 2008, the sales of these three new auto types grew 12% without discount marketing strategy (Geely annual report, 2009). Furthermore, in 2010, Geely will market 21 new auto types, and some of them were designed by Fabrizio Giugiaro, the Italy‘s famous auto manufacturer. Moreover, the new energy auto will also be produced in 2010, which will include Panda and DiHao (Wenqing, 2010). These new energy auto types have been showed in the Beijing car exhibition 2010 (Phoenix auto, 2010). In order to deal with these two factors, Geely also has a complementary strategy: cooperate or takeover other well-known international auto manufacturers. It will not only help Geely to promote its auto manufacture technology, but also improve its brand image. Geely has already cooperated with 18 International Business Environment II Britain‘s Manganese Bronze to produce luxurious brand-named taxi (China car Times, 2010) and assembled cars with Information Gateway Corp Sdn Bhd (IGC) in Malaysia, 2006 (Tan, 2006). 7. Leverage the multilateral institutions 7. 1 ASEAN One of the stunning news in 2005 was the political barriers Geely met in Malaysia, which was considered as the biggest challenge for its overseas expansion so far. Geely‘s President Li Shufu described Malaysia as ? an unexpected trap? because of Malaysia government‘s rejection on fulfilling the contract. After examining the ECLIPTER factors of Malaysia market, Li Shufu and his team regarded Malaysia as the first pillbox and cornerstone of its expansion to ASEAN countries. He believed the learning in Malaysia could be helpful. Therefore, in May 2005, Geely has made a joint contract with Malaysia IGC group for building CKD factory in Malaysia. However, Malaysia government denied the contract after a new document on automobile being published. According to the document, all cars made by foreign automobile manufacturers were prohibited to sell in Malaysia. Then the situation in Malaysia went against its expection of getting a huge sale. However, according to Geely officials, to some extent, ASEAN agreements have made Geely to reconsider the importance of Malaysia (Harwit). In South East Asia nations, there are some strict tariff-related regulations for automobile industry. Contrarily, tariff among ASEAN countries is in a minimum rate. According to an inner-ASEAN agreement, from 2003 to 2009, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore and Vietnam exempted auto import tariff for each other. From 2010, all ASEAN countries will implement zero auto import tariff for each other. At the same time, Indonesia, Thailand and some other ASEAN nations‘ demand of cars is increasing considerably (JAMA, 2008). Especially after an impressive increase in 2007, the car-sale in Indonesia becomes significantly dazzle. Therefore Geely 19 International Business Environment II planed to only manufacture cars in Malaysia and then export cars to other ASEAN countries, which seems like a forward-looking plan in a long-term development. Finally, Geely decided to move its Malaysia CKD manufacture center to Indonesia. However, its vision of leveraging ASEAN to pursue a sale performance in all ASEAN nations has not changed. 7. 2 EU In terms of EU regulations, since Geely has acquired 100% ownership of Volvo, the Sweden‘s company, Geely is no longer an outsider of European market. According to the EU Single market concept (European Commission, 2010), a free circulation of capital, labor, goods and services between EU members is granted. Geely now have got over tariff barriers and competes as an insider. . Implications and Recommendations One of the strategies of Geely is to promote new energy automobile, there are two advantages for this strategy: Firstly, Geely can get powerful support from government since the development of new energy is encouraged by the government. Secondly, since new energy automobile is environmental friendly goods, it not only reduces the carbon emissions, but also decreases the expenses o n routine maintenance (Bond newspaper, 2010). However, there are also drawbacks, such as the inadequate facilities. Acquiring other world famous bands is the other strategy of Geely, which facilitates the company‘s global expansion. For instance, Volvo is well-known by its safety, which could provide Geely with a competitive advantage on its brand trust. It also provides a valuable, more upscale user image. Therefore, through merger or acquisition of international well-known brands, Geely can get greater international fame and advanced technology, integrate into the world market and attract more consumers. However, certain risks should be considered when Geely acquires Volvo. The first risk is that the culture conflicts between two countries. It has been reported that one of the hindering factors is that the union of Volvo in Sweden disagrees the acquisition for their reduced 20 International Business Environment II welfare and unemployment (Gasgoo, 2009). The second risk is that the value of acquired equity. It has been said that Volvo‘s vaunted reputation for safety has been challenged by other manufacturers which can also provide automobiles with same safety standard. In this case Volvo‘s ? safe? advantage may not be as competitive as before. 9. Conclusion To sum up, this essay has analyzed the ECLIPTER factors of Geely‘s two overseas markets, Britain and Malaysia, and examined influence of the related multilateral institutions. According to this matrix analysis, legal system and income profile have the most important impact on the auto industry. For multilateral institutions, ASEAN and WTO generally promote the Geely‘s international expansion strategy, while EU regulations are less favored in its expansion. Considering both ECLIPTER factors and related multilateral institutions, it is suitable for Geely to enter developing nations to acquire market share at its initial development. But for long-term development, Geely need to pay attention to research and develop higher-end models. With the development of Geely Company and the overall auto industry, Geely‘s focus will shift from developing countries to developed countries. Currently, Geely‘s low price strategy is challenged by the legal system and income profile of developed countries. Therefore, Geely is increasing its efforts in releasing new model cars and tapping into developed countries through merger or acquisition. Geely intends to promote its brand image and enlarge its market share through these strategic moves, although it has to face the risk of culture conflicts and the uncertainty of acquisition value. 21 International Business Environment II 10. References: Azia, A. Z. (2004) Malaysia-Encouraging Saving in a Dynamic Economy [Online]. Available at: http://www. bis. org/review/r040115c. pdf [17 April 2010] Bond newspaper (2010) (There are many advantages of new energy automobile but it needs improve) [online]. Available at: [6 May 2010] China Car Times. 2010) London Taxi‘s should now be renamed Hangzhou Cabs. [Online] A vailable at: [11 April 2010] Daily News (2006) 10 ,80% (Geely will produce automobiles in Malaysia, 80% should not sell to other countries)[online]. Available at: [25 April 2010] DEPATMENT OF STATISTICS MALAYSIA Official Website (2009) Population [Online]. Available at: [12 April 2010] DieselNet (2010) Cars: Greenhouse Gas Emissions [online]. Available at: [15 Apri l 2010] DTI (2000) Byers Acts to Reduce Car Price [online]. Available at: [27 April 2010] 22 International Business Environment II Eichengreen, B. 2006) China, Asia, and the World Economy: The Implications of an Emerging Asian Core and Periphery China World Economy / 1 – 18, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2006 [Online]. Available at: [24 April 2010] European Commission (2010) A Single Market for goods [Online]. Available at:[ 20 April 2010] European Commission (2006) A Competitive Automotive Regulatory System for the 21st century [Online]. Available at:[ 20 April 2010] European competitiveness (2009) Tariff Barriers [online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Europe‘s Information Society (2010) Tyre Pressure Monitoring System [online]. Available at : [21 April 2010] Fang, Wen (2009) Vs (The Difference Between BYD and Geely) [online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Gasgoo. (2009) Volvo union meets Geely, no detail on financing. [Online] Available at: [11 April 2010] 23 International Business Environment II Geely (2009) Annual Report and Financial Statement [online]. Available at: [5 May 2010] Guardian (2009) Alistair Darling’s pre-budget report-full text [Online]. Available at: [20 April 2010] Harwit, E. (2006) Chinese Overseas Investment: Cases in the Automobile and Telecommunications Sectors [Online] Available at: [20 April 2010] Herd, J. (2006) Modern Global Automobile Industry [Online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Highfill, D. , Baki,M. , Copus, S. , Green, M. , Smith,J. and Whineland. M (2004) Automotive Industry Analysis-GM, DaimlerChrysler, Toyota, Ford, Honda [online]. Available at: [28 April 2010] HMRC (2004) Rates and allowances – Income Tax [Online]. Available at: [17 April 2010] Hofstede (1997) Culture [Online]. Available at: [17 April 2010] Hofstede(2008) Wolrd map of Power Distance Index-Hofstede [Online]. Available at : [17 April 2010] Hofstede (2008), World Map of Uncertainty Avoidance – Hofstede [Online]. Available at : [17 April 2010] 24 International Business Environment II Ifeng (2010) (Analyzing Geely’s current position from the proportion change of ranking and sales) [Online] Available at: [12 April 2010] International Monetary Fund (2010) World Economic Outlook [Online] Available at: [11 April 2010] JAMA (2008) 1996-2007 ASEAN 5 Countries Sales Statistics [Online]. Available at: [24 April 2010] Julia, K. (2009) Scrappage Scheme Bosst Continues As New Car Sales Up 31% On Last Year [Online]. Available at: [20 April 2010] Lawandtax-news (2010) Corporate Taxation for Multinationals [online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Lumpur, K. 2004) 2002 WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT [Online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] Luo, J. (2005) The Growth of Independent Chinese Automotive Companies [online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] Malaysia statistics (2010) Gross Domestic Product [Online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] 25 International Business Environment II Marketing directory (2005) (the Summary of Investment Environment of Malaysia)[online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] MEI (2009) (the New Policy of Automobiles in Malaysia) [online]. Available at: [20th April 2010] Navstar (2009) the detail of the corporate tax in UK) [online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Office for National Statistic (2009) National Projections UK population to exceed 65m by 2018 [Online]. Available at: [11 April 2010] Phoenix auto website (2010) ( the new energy car showed in Beijing car exhibition) [online]. Available at: [5 May 2010] Posser, D. (2008) UK saving rate sinks to 49-year low as growth falters[Online]. Available at : [17 April 2010] Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (2010) EU 2020 growth strategy emphasises significance of low carbon automotive [online]. Available at: http://www. eemsonline. co. uk/press_releases/08-03-10_3 [1 May 2010] Swaminathan S Anklesaria Alyar. TNN(2009) How India beat China in auto exports [online]. Available at [3 May 2010] 26 International Business Environment II Swee-Hock, S. (2007) The population of Peninsular Malaysia. [Online] Available at: [13 April 2010] TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2009) Corruption Perceptions Index 2009 [Online]. Available at: [11 April 2010] UK statistics (2010) GDP Growth [Online]. Available at: [15 Apr 2010] Wenqing F. (2010) 21 Geely will market 21 new types of automobile, new energy car also will produce)[online]. Available at: [24 April 2010] World Steel Association (2009) WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2009 [Online]. Available at: [11 April 2010] World Bank (2008) Gross National Income Per Capita 2008,Atlas Method and PPP [Online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] Xinhua News Agency (2006) China Eyes ASEAN for Car Assembly, Export [Online] Available at: [18 April 2010] 27 Internation al Business Environment II 11. Appendix An interview with the Geely official Distinguished guest: Mr. Zhao Jie, Vice President of Geely Holding Group, In charge of Geely‘s international business. Time: 28 April 2010 Location: Mr. Zhao Jie‘s office Selected QA: Q: How does Geely react to the EU’s high standard of safety and emission? A: The high standard in Europe is indeed a big challenge for us late-movers. However, we have investigated a lot on the RD and have made some success. As our new motto cited, we will ? devote ourselves to produce the safest, most energy-saving and environmental-friendly cars in affordable prices?. In spite of the European standard, we will also investigate on those aspects. Besides, we have acquired Volvo, a company with best reputation on its safety and reliability. Volvo will bring us the experience and advanced technology in pursuing safety. Moreover, developing new energy is not only the trend of all car companies, but also all those energy-based industries. Under the support of our government, we are confident in making a breakthrough in this area. Q: Have you got any type or design which could achieve the standard? A: Yes we have. Most of the automotive types in our series-EC were produced based on the EU standard. Q: We know Geely acquired Manganese Bronze. How can you successfully acquire Volvo from Sweden and DSI from Australia? 28 International Business Environment II A: Firstly, I am grateful to the lead of our Party and the flourishing Chinese economy. China now attracts the whole world‘s attentions. As one of the best Chinese companies, Volvo has its own advantage. As we have emphasized, you could not acquire Volvo only by money. That‘s like a free marriage, not an obligatory acquisition. They have already accepted us. As a fast developing China-based company, we could give Volvo continuous capital support. Also, our promotion will make Volvo more famous in China. In terms of DSI, there are several parades of their employees due to the downsizing. The company is on the edge of bankrupt. People clap their hands to welcome us, because they see the hope. Besides, we have developed the technology of gearbox for about 6, 7 years, we are able to understand and accept the technology of DSI. Q: Will there be any problems caused by culture collision after the acquisition of them? A: I don‘t think it is a problem for us. Firstly, Volvo is an international company who will make decisions with a global vision. Although everybody loves their country, the asset of an international company is complex, especially after becoming a listed company. It depends on the structure of the asset. For instance, who do you think Toyota belongs to? The asset structure is global, in which Japanese capital accounts for only a small part. However, the culture of Toyota is still Japanese. We think the situation is similar to Volvo, whose culture will not be changed by us. Our relationship is more likely a brotherhood, rather than hierarchical relationship. What we need to do is communication, respecting and taking care of each other. Q: Will Geely transfer the entire Volvo product line to China? A: Automobile needs indigenous producing, RD and sale, and more importantly, the maximum indigenous complement. So the current factories in Sweden and Belgian will be remained permanently. Q: What’s your opinion on the Malaysia event, I mean the broken of your corporation? 29 International Business Environment II A: Based on the evaluation of all aspects, including the demand, competition, income and wage level, even the political aspect itself; we believed Malaysia was our best choice to enter ASEAN. Malaysia had already accepted our contract; we even signed the contract witnessed by both governments‘ staff. You know Wu Bangguo, chairman of National People’s Congress and Malaysia‘s head of Parliament have attended the ceremony. I don‘t know why and how they allowed themselves to make such a decision. They denied the unilateral contract which goes against WTO regulation. I don‘t want to talk about it anymore. Q: The Geely Panda is transformed to â€Å"Tobe† and being sold in Taiwan, it is said that the real purpose is the ASEAN markets. Can you explain it a little bit? A: Sure. Firstly, Taiwan has an advanced system in sales and service. We could improve our service, especially after-sale service. Secondly, Yulon Motor has abundant experience in overseas sales. This ? Tobe? has already being sold in Vietnam, and will be sold in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippine. Q: What’s your future plan? A: Except ASEAN, we have run our business well in many markets. For instance, AIS Company from Ukraine, our best agency, sold out 8000 units for us in Ukraine and made ? Exterior? the most famous autotype in Ukraine. Considering the geographic advantage that Ukraine possesses, we will build CKD factory there, in order to expand to Russia and Eastern Europe. We also have signed a contract with a Mexico partner to build a 130-million-dollar all-around industrial centre. Our plan is, by 2015, build 15 produce centers abroad, and sell 2 million cars, in which 1. 3 million will be sold in overseas markets. Contacts: Address: Suite 15E, West Tower, 668 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001China Tel: 86-21-53086111 53086126 Fax:86-21-53085062E-mail:carlos@geelymetop. com 30 International Business Environment II How to cite Geely Automobile, Papers

How does Browning bring vividly to life the men and their relationships in “Porphyria’s Lover” and “My Last Duchess” Essay Example For Students

How does Browning bring vividly to life the men and their relationships in â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and â€Å"My Last Duchess†? Essay To be able to create a perceptibly vivid character in literature can be considered to be one of the greatest challenges in the literary world, and doing so to a level where the reader can truly empathise with the created character is a greater feat still. In this matter Browning truly was a literary genius as in less than sixty lines he manages to create two male protagonists that are living and breathing, ready to leap off the page. The different ways in which he achieves this are the structure of the entire poem, vocabulary and word choice, use of literary techniques and their differences in dealing with essentially the same subject. The poem â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover,† which first appeared in 1836, is considered to be one of Browning’s most shocking monologues. The action of â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† unfolds through the recounting of the events of one night, culminating in the murder of Porphyria, by the speaker himself. The structure of the poem could be described as one of twelve stanzas with an ababb rhyme structure, though it is most often printed as a block poem. The majority of the lines contain four iambic feet, though a few are pentasyllabic. The unusual rhyming structure used seems to be the first hint of the speaker’s mental discord, as it is his narrating voice that we are following. A factor that further heightens this, as yet hypothesis, about the narrator’s instability is the enjambment that is used throughout the poem. It reveals his unaffected, lackadaisical nature that relates to something that one truly should not be indifferent to. â€Å" †¦and all her hair In one long yellow string I wound Three times her little throat around, And strangled her.† This shows how unnaturally nonchalant and disorderly his thought processes are, his morbid un-emotionality piques our interest and causes the character to seem truly vivid. This element emphasises the tone and seems to make the understated nature even more sociopathic. Another factor is the vocabulary Robert Browning uses. Most of the words are monosyllabic creating a simple mood that is not broken by the polysyllabic that are incorporated in a quiet and unassuming manner; they do not break the tense tranquillity of the piece. â€Å"I am quite sure she felt no pain. As a shut bud that holds a bee, I warily oped her lids: again Laughed the blue eyes without a stain.† Here we see the simplistic almost naà ¯ve way in which the speech is narrated. Much of the force of the narrative lies in its practically innocent clarity and in the corresponding quiet, matter-of-fact tone of voice that seems to heighten the severity of the actual actions. The line â€Å"No pain felt she, I am quite sure she felt no pain† accentuates the horror of the going on by its seemingly childish-like affirmations. The detached, emotionless account with the cold and distant metaphor creates a chilling effect, by which the character of the speaker is made more vivid. Also, Browning uses literary techniques to truly bring the character to life. One such example is the pathetic fallacy that used to not only set the mood for the entire poem, but also the mind set and mental state of the actual speaker. â€Å"The rain set early in tonight, The sullen wind was soon awake, It tore the elm-tops down for spite, And did its worst to vex the lake: I listened with heart fit to break.† Immediately we are introduced into a setting where the weather is dark and gloomy. The use of personification instantly hints at the fact that it is not only the weather that is being described. Words such as â€Å"awake†, â€Å"tore†, â€Å"spite† and â€Å"vex† imply a humanness that corresponds with the main protagonist. The slight alliteration that is used â€Å"sullen-soon†, â€Å"tore the elm-tops†, â€Å"worst-vex† further accentuates the fact. He is listening, listening intently and he feels empathy for the weather. He can sympathise, he is feeling the same things. We are shown his inner turmoil, his nebulousness and his destructiveness. The opening lines are a sort of foreshadowing for the rest of the poem and the true character of the narrator. Another way in which Browning brings vividly to life the male protagonist is the slow revelation of true character, the building up of suspense, tension followed by the terrible twist. At first we are simply aware of the hints that are conveyed through the weather, the suspicion of something being amiss. Then we come to the description of Porphyria, through which we learn a lot about the speaker’s character. We know that he is watching her intently by the use of the anaphora, he describes her every motion. Autism EssayThe Duke’s dramatic monologue is full of dramatizations, parodies, flattery and direct confrontations. It is obvious that he is a man of higher society. This is not only implied by his status and vocabulary, but also to the way he acts around the auditor. He tries to hide his true intentions, he makes the envoy feel intimate with him, he even flatters him to an extent. â€Å"Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse,† We can clearly see the mask that he puts on, trying to never reveal what is truly going on underneath but when he starts discussing his former wife’s immoderate pleasure that absolutely everything, the perfectly prepared mask begins to slip. â€Å"Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough For calling up that spot of joy. She had A heart—how shall I say?—too soon made glad, Too easily impressed; she liked whate’er She looked on, and her looks went everywhere.† We begin to see the real vile anger that is being covered up by the courtliness. The â€Å"she thought† suggests his disregard for her opinion, his belief that she was wrong. There seems to have been a great age difference between the Duke and the Duchess that caused his inferior view of her. Also, we begin to sense his disapproval of her behaviour. He sees her as being too free with her affections, a slight bit too shallow, too easily impressed. His use of the phrase â€Å"how shall I say?† shows that he is pretending to not be intentionally rude, he is simply stating the truth and already in as mild terms as possible. Here we begin to see his insincerity and manipulativeness. In the lines after that we witness an escalation of his anger. â€Å"The bough of cherries some officious fool Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule† Here we feel a quickening of pace and a distinctness of rhyme and rhythm. The Duke’s use of fricative sounds such as â€Å"officious fool† betray his genuine irritation. We are also made aware of his impossible superiority and his preference of someone else doing his dirty work for him. â€Å"—E’en then would be some stooping; and I choose Never to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt, Whene’er I passed her; but who passed without Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together† For him it is of the utmost importance to never let himself sink below what he considers to be his level. And then we reach the great revelation. â€Å"I gave commands; / Then all smile stopped together.† It is in this line that we find out that the Duke actually did have his Duchess killed, and what for? What he considered to be a simple mindedness and excessive amiability. It also seems as though a matter of life and death is a simple matter for him. He did not view the Duchess as a human being, she was just one more of his precious possessions that didn’t quiet correspond with his expectations, and so he had her removed. We can also see his need for complete control over a situation. He wasn’t able to conform her to his standards so he did it in a slightly more radical way, by eliminating her. In conclusion, there are many ways in which Browning vividly brings to life the men and their relationships in both â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and â€Å"My Last Duchess†. He does so through structure, revealing their states of mind, through vocabulary, revealing their tone and background, and through slow revelation of character, that builds up and up until all their efforts at concealment are swiped away and all that is left is the bare truth. The last one is what I believe to be the most important factor as it is what interests the leader most. First we get an almost accidental glimpse, then it becomes more and more clear until we have the feeling that we actually understand those characters. They are living people, made of bones and flesh, just as we are and they have opinions and faults and sometimes even virtues and that is what truly makes those characters so vivid, their humanity.